Which of the following best describes dementia?

Dementia is best described as a loss of brain function that may happen in later adulthood. This is because dementia encompasses a range of symptoms that impact cognitive abilities, such as memory, thinking, and communication skills. It is primarily associated with progressive neurodegenerative diseases, most commonly Alzheimer's disease, which tend to occur in older adults.

The condition is characterized by a decline in mental function that interferes with daily life. This deterioration is typically not a normal part of aging but rather a serious health concern that can significantly affect individuals and their families.

In contrast, cognitive enhancement disorders would imply an increase or improvement in cognitive functions, which does not align with the nature of dementia. Hyperactivity refers to increased energy levels and restlessness, which is not relevant to the cognitive deficits associated with dementia. Meanwhile, a temporary memory lapse does not encompass the chronic and progressive nature of dementia; it is usually a fleeting issue, whereas dementia is characterized by persistent and often worsening cognitive decline.